A Changing View of the Gut1

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A CHANGING VIEW OF THE GUT

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OVERVIEW OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

The autonomic nervous system governs many body functions. The key to fat loss and blood sugar balance is to tip the balance of this system in direction of the parasympathetic nervous system.

There are two divisions of your nervous system running on autopilot in the background: the parasympathetic nervous system, or the rest and digest system, and the sympathetic nervous system, the “fight or flight” response. We are hardwired to survive as if we lived in prehistoric times when life expectancy was contingent upon surviving predators, starvation, and infection. When prehistoric man was fighting or fleeing from a life-threatening altercation, our nervous system pivoted out of rest and digest status (parasympathetic dominance) into fight or flight mode (sympathetic dominance).

Such a shift in nervous system signaling drives the adrenals to release more stress hormones, which increases blood sugar, constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure, and speeds heart rate. The shift also reallocates nutrients and blood to the lungs, heart, muscle tissue, and brain. Digestion, muscle building, production of growth and sex hormones—all of which are activated by the vagus nerve of the parasympathetic nervous system—come to a screeching halt, since these activities aren’t critical to survival during life-or-death situations. However, that’s not true in the long term.



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GIVING DIGESTION A BOOST FROM THE HEART

One of my most effective tips for weight loss is helping clients to practice meditative breathing prior to a meal. Eating in a rushed, stressed physiological state leads to poor chewing, improper digestion, and imbalanced gut microflora. In contrast, mindful strategies such as deep breathing will increase the “rest and digest” or parasympathetic nervous system including the vagus nerve, which activates digestive juices and gut hormones such as CCK and GLP-1. Vagus nerve activation is key to optimal digestive health.

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ACTIVATE YOUR VAGUS NERVE

The modern-day challenge is that your body interprets present-day life stressors—traffic, work overload, sleep disturbances—as though they are life threats. The morning and evening rush-hour commute, work deadlines, financial uncertainties, and even the Western diet, lock our nervous system thermostat on stress and inflammation mode. Intestinal bacterial imbalances and associated leaky gut lead to increased absorption of endotoxin, driving the stressful, inflammatory branch of our nervous system.

Since inflammation disrupts metabolism and normal hormone functioning, this leads to insulin resistance, prediabetes, and other obesity-related abnormalities.



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THE MIND-BODY CONTROL OF DIGESTION AND INFLAMMATION

Mind-body therapies such as HeartMath, yoga, and meditation ignite a powerful anti-inflammatory pathway in the body via the vagus nerve. Vagus nerve activation is also required to properly turn on digestive secretions as well as prompt movement of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Course Contents

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Background and Perspective

[text_block style=”style_1.png” align=”left”]Gut health has been the focal point of traditional Asian medicine for centuries. For example, the Japanese have coined such phrases as “honored middle” and “center of the spiritual strength” to describe the human intestinal system. Although Russian scientist Ilya Mechnikov, PhD, won the Nobel Prize in 1908 for works done in the field of gut microbiology and bowel health, it wasn’t until the early twenty-first century that Western science began to rapidly clarify the various components of gut microflora and their relationship to modern-day immune malfunctions and metabolic diseases.

In recent years, scientists from around the world have linked imbalances in gut microbes with a range of modern health epidemics, including autoimmunity, asthma, allergies, depression, mood disorders, acne, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity.[/text_block]

Endotoxin and Metabolic Damage

[text_block style=”style_1.png” align=”left”]The role of healthy levels of gut bacteria is underscored by the success of bariatric surgery in improving the composition of beneficial gut bacteria. Certain types of foods influence the type of bacteria inhabiting our intestines. For example, many studies confirm that the standard American diet of refined carbohydrates and processed fats creates an imbalance in intestinal bacteria, which can damage the thin intestinal barrier and increase absorption of endotoxin.

Scientific evidence has also linked increased blood levels of endotoxin to obesity and diabetes. Intestine-derived endotoxin exit the intestine and penetrate the interior of the body in one of two ways: they either pass through breaches in the damaged intestinal barrier (a condition also known as leaky gut) or merge among ingested fats for transport into the body. This is why excessive intake of dietary fats can inadvertently lead to increased absorption of endotoxin and all the ailments that accompany them. In the gut, liver, and other tissues, bacterial endotoxin latch onto immune receptors, propelling the immune system into a state of inflammation.

It’s this increased immune vigilance that causes aberrations in blood glucose, lipid, and fat-storing hormones, such as insulin, that are characteristics of obesity and prediabetes.[/text_block]

Overview of How Gut-Derived Endotoxin Leads to Weight Gain

[text_block style=”style_1.png” align=”left”]The new perspective on fat gain and diabetes includes the role of gut bacteria. Western food alters the composition of trillions of intestinal bacteria, the hormones released from the intestine, and the integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier, leading to increased absorption of inflammatory bacterial particles, or endotoxin. The end result is inflammation, which impairs fat burning and leads to blood-sugar disorders.[/text_block]